SNAC(1)

NAME
snac - A simple, minimalistic ActivityPub instance

SYNOPSIS
snac command basedir [option ...]

DESCRIPTION
The snac daemon processes messages from other servers in the Fediverse using the ActivityPub protocol.

This is the user manual and expects an already running snac installation. For the administration manual, see snac(8). For file and data formats, see snac(5).

  Web Interface
The web interface provided by snac is split in three data streams: the public timeline, the private timeline and the instance timeline. There are no other feeds like the federated firehoses provided by other similar ActivityPub implementations like Mastodon or Pleroma.

The public timeline, also called the local timeline, is what an external visitor sees about the activity of a snac user: that is, only the list of public notes, boosts and likes the user generates or participates into. This is, obviously, read-only, and not very remarkable, unless the user publishes messages of staggering genius. A set of history links, grouped by month, will also be available at the bottom of the page.

The private timeline, or simply the timeline, is the private, password-protected area of a snac server where the user really interacts with the rest of the Fediverse.

The top area of the timeline provides a big text area to write notes for the public (i.e. for the user followers). As this is the second most important activity on the Fediverse, this is located in the most prominent area of the user page. You can enter plain text, @user@host mentions and other things. See the snac(5) manual for more information on the allowed markup.

Other fields immediately below the big text one allow some control about the post to be sent:

Sensitive content
    If you set this checkbox, your post will be marked with a content warning. The immediately following, optional text box allows you to write a description about why your content is so sensitive.

Visibility
    From these radio button set you can select the scope of the new post. The available options are: Public, Unlisted, Followers-only and Direct Message (sent only to accounts mentioned in the post body).

Reply to (URL)
    If you fill this optional text field with the URL of another one's post, your text will be considered as a reply to it, not a standalone one.

Draft
    If you set this checkbox, your text will not be sent when you push the Post button, but stored for later modification in the "Drafts" section.

Language
    A dropdown to select which language your post will be written in. This control only appears after you configure the set of languages you expect to use in the User Settings (see below).

Scheduled post...
    This dropdown menu allows setting a date and time for the post publication.

Attachments...
    This dropdown menu allows uploading media attachments (images, audio, video, etc.) to your post.

Poll...
    this dropdown menu gives access to the voting options, that will make your post a poll. You can set the options to be voted, if it's a multiple choice poll and the due date.

More options are hidden under dropdown menus. They are the following:

Follow (by URL or user@host)
    Fill the input area with a user 'actor' URL or a user@host Fediverse identifier to follow.

Boost (by URL)
    Fill the input area with the URL of a Fediverse note to be boosted.

Like (by URL)
    Fill the input area with the URL of a Fediverse note to be liked.

User setup...
    This option opens the user setup dialog.

Followed hashtags...
    Enter here the list of hashtags you want to follow, one per line, with or without the # symbol. Since version 2.78, URLs to RSS feeds of ActivityPub objects are also allowed (like e.g. https://mastodon.social/tags/bloomscrolling).

Blocked hashtags...
    Enter here the list of hashtags you want to block, one per line, with or without the # symbol.

Muted words...
    Enter here a list of words to be silenced. If a post includes any of this words, it's hidden behind a dropdown.

The user setup dialog allows some user information to be changed, specifically:

User name
    Your user name, or not really that. People like to include emojis, flags and strange symbols for some reason.

Avatar URL
    The URL of a picture to be used as your avatar in timelines around the world.

Bio Enter here a bunch of self-indulgent blurb about yourself. The same markup options available for text notes apply here.

Always show sensitive content
    By default, snac hides content marked as sensitive by their publishers. If you check this option, sensitive content is always shown.

Email address for notifications
    If this field is not empty, an email message will be sent to this address whenever a post written by you is liked, boosted or replied to.

Telegram notifications
    To enable notifications via Telegram, fill the two provided fields (Bot API key and Chat id). You need to create both a Telegram channel and a bot for this; the process is rather cumbersome but it's documented everywhere. The Bot API key is a long string of alphanumeric characters and the chat id is a big, negative number.

ntfy notifications
    To enable notifications via ntfy (both self-hosted or standard ntfy.sh server), fill the two provided fields (ntfy server/topic and, if protected, the token). You need to refer to the https://ntfy.sh web site for more information on this process.

Notify webhook
    If this is set to an URL, an HTTP POST will be sent to it whenever a new notification happens (see the 'Webhook for notifications' section below for more information).

Maximum days to keep posts
    This numeric value specifies the number of days to pass before posts (yours and others') will be purged. This value overrides what the administrator defined in the global server settings only if it's lesser (i.e. you cannot keep posts for longer than what the admin desires). A value of 0 (the default) means that the global server settings will apply to the posts in your timeline. Also, if the administrator has configured it, purged local posts generate a Delete activity that is sent everywhere.

Drop direct messages from people you don't follow
    Just what it says in the tin. This is to mitigate spammers coming from Fediverse instances with lax / open registration processes. Please take note that this also avoids possibly legitimate people trying to contact you.

This account is a bot
    Set this checkbox if this account behaves like a bot (i.e. posts are automatically generated).

Auto-boost all mentions to this account
    If this toggle is on, all mentions to this account are boosted to all followers. This can be used to create groups.

This account is private
    If this toggle is on, posts are not published via the public web interface, only via the ActivityPub protocol.

Collapse top threads by default
    If this toggle is on, the private timeline will always show conversations collapsed by default. This allows easier navigation through long threads.

Follow requests must be approved
    If this toggle is on, follow requests are not automatically accepted, but notified and stored for later review. Pending follow requests will be shown in the people page to be approved or discarded.

Publish follower and following metrics
    If this toggle is on, the number of followers and following accounts are made public (this is only the number; the specific lists of accounts are never published).

Show unlisted posts in the public page and RSS feed
    If this toggle is on, posts with a scope set as 'unlisted' are shown both in the public page and the RSS feed. Please take note that, previous to version 2.92, these posts were always shown in these channels.

Web interface language
    If the administrator has installed any language file, it can be selected here.

Time zone
    The time zone the user is on (default: UTC). Only used for scheduled posts.

Languages you usually post in
    Fill this string with the ISO 639 Language Codes you expect to write your posts in, space-separated (example: en fr pt_BR).

Don't show posts written in these languages
    A space-separated string of ISO 639 Language Codes (example: en fr de).

Show a simpler web UI for browsers with these user agents
    A list of partial strings that will be matched against the current web browser user agent string. If it contains any of these strings, the private timeline is shown using simpler HTML (basically, avoiding the details / summary tags as much as possible, which are usually not rendered correctly if at all in basic or text-based browsers). If any of these lines is an asterisk, the simpler web UI is always used.

Password
    Write the same string in these two fields to change your password. Don't write anything if you don't want to do this.

The rest of the page contains your timeline in reverse chronological order (i.e., newest interactions first). snac shows the conversations as nested trees, unlike other Fediverse software; every time you contribute something to a conversation, the full thread is bumped up, so new interactions are shown always at the top of the page while the forgotten ones languish at the bottom.

Private notes (a.k.a. direct messages) are also shown in the timeline as normal messages, but marked with a cute lock to mark them as non-public. Replies to direct messages are also private and cannot be liked nor boosted.

For each entry in the timeline, a set of reasonable actions in the form of buttons will be shown. These can be:

Reply...
    Unveils a text area to write your intelligent and acute comment to an uninformed fellow. This note is sent to the original author as well as to your followers. The note can include mentions in the @user@format; these people will also become recipients of the message. If you reply to a boost or like, you are really replying to the note, not to the admirer of it.

Emoji react...
    Unveils a text area that allows a user to react with an emoji by typing its identifier, that should match one of the emojis defined in the emojis.json file. By now, only those emoji identifiers surrounded by colons can be used.

Like
    Click this if you admire this post. The poster and your followers will be informed.

Boost
    Click this if you want to propagate this post to all your followers. The original author will also be informed.

Bookmark
    Click this to bookmark a post.

Follow
    Click here if you want to start receiving all the shenanigans the original author of the post will write in the future.

Unfollow
    Click here if you are fed up of this fellow's activities.

Delete
    Click here to send this post to the bin. If it's an activity written by you, the appropriate message is sent to the rest of involved parts telling them that you no longer want your thing in their servers (not all implementations really obey this kind of requirements, though).

MUTE
    This is the most important button in snac and the Fediverse in general. Click it if you don't want to read crap from this user again in the foreseeable future.

Hide
    If a conversation is getting long and annoying but not enough to MUTE its author forever, click this button to avoid seeing the post and its children anymore.

Edit
    Posts written by you on snac version 2.19 and later can be edited and resent to their recipients.

  Command-line options
The command-line tool provide the following commands:

init [basedir]
    Initializes the data storage. This is an interactive command; necessary information will be prompted for. The basedir directory must not exist.

upgrade basedir
    Upgrades the data storage after installing a new version. Only necessary if snac complains and demands it.

httpd basedir
    Starts the daemon.

purge basedir
    Purges old data from the timeline of all users.

adduser basedir [uid]
    Adds a new user to the server. This is an interactive command; necessary information will be prompted for.

deluser basedir uid
    Deletes a user, unfollowing all accounts first.

resetpwd basedir uid
    Resets a user's password to a new, random one.

update basedir uid
    Sends a user's updated profile to following instances.

queue basedir uid
    Processes the output queue of the specified user, sending all enqueued messages and re-enqueing the failing ones. This command must not be executed if the server is running.

follow basedir uid actor
    Sends a Follow message for the specified actor URL.

request basedir uid url
    Requests an object and dumps it to stdout. This is a very low level command that is not very useful to you.

announce basedir uid url
    Announces (boosts) a post via its URL.

note basedir uid text [file file ... [-r inReplyTo [-d YYYYmmddHHMMSS]]]
    Enqueues a Create + Note message to all followers. If the text argument is -e, the external editor defined by the EDITOR environment variable will be invoked to prepare a message; if it's - (a lonely hyphen), the post content will be read from stdin. The rest of command line arguments are treated as media files to be attached to the post. The LANG environment variable (if defined) is used as the post language. An optional URL to a Fediverse post, prefixed by -r, can be specified for this note to be a reply to. If a date in YYYYmmddHHMMSS format is followed by -d, the note is scheduled for that moment instead of immediately posted (this date must be in the same timezone the user has configured in the web UI).

note_unlisted basedir uid text [file file ... [-r inReplyTo [-d YYYYmmddHHMMSS]]]
    Like the previous one, but creates an "unlisted" (or "quiet public") post.

note_mention basedir uid text [file file ... [-r inReplyTo [-d YYYYmmddHHMMSS]]]
    Like the previous one, but creates a post only for accounts mentioned in the post body.

block basedir instance_url
    Blocks a full instance, given its URL or domain name. All subsequent incoming activities with identifiers from that instance will be immediately blocked without further inspection.

unblock basedir instance_url
    Unblocks a previously blocked instance.

verify_links basedir uid
    Verifies all links or account handles stored as metadata for the given user. This verification is done by downloading the link content and searching for a link back to the snac user url that also contains a rel="me" attribute. These links are specially marked as verified in the user's public timeline and also via the Mastodon API.

export_csv basedir uid
    Exports some account data as Mastodon-compatible CSV files. After executing this command, the following files will be written to the export/ subdirectory inside the user directory: bookmarks.csv, blocked_accounts.csv, lists.csv, and following_accounts.csv.

export_posts basedir uid
    Exports all posts written by the user to the file outbox.json inside the export/ subdirectory inside the user directory. The format is compatible with the one generated by the equivalent option in Mastodon.

alias basedir uid @account@remotehost
    Sets an account as an alias of this one. This is a necessary step to migrate an account to a remote Mastodon instance (see snac(8), section 'Migrating from snac to Mastodon').

migrate basedir uid
    Starts a migration from this account to the one set as an alias (see snac(8), section 'Migrating from snac to Mastodon').

import_csv basedir uid
    Imports CSV data files from a Mastodon export. This command expects the following files to be inside the import/ subdirectory of a user's directory inside the server base directory: bookmarks.csv, blocked_accounts.csv, lists.csv, and following_accounts.csv.

state basedir
    Dumps the current state of the server and its threads. For example:

        server: comam.es (snac/2.45-dev)
        uptime: 0:03:09:52
        job fifo size (cur): 45
        job fifo size (peak): 1532
        thread #0 state: input
        thread #1 state: input
        thread #2 state: waiting
        thread #3 state: waiting
        thread #4 state: output
        thread #5 state: output
        thread #6 state: output
        thread #7 state: waiting

    The job fifo size values show the current and peak sizes of the in-memory job queue. The thread state can be: waiting (idle waiting for a job to be assigned), input or output (processing I/O packets) or stopped (not running, only to be seen while starting or stopping the server).

import_list basedir uid file
    Imports a Mastodon list in CSV format. The file must be stored inside the import/ subdirectory of a user's directory inside the server base directory. This option can be used to import "Mastodon Follow Packs".

import_block_list basedir uid file
    Imports a Mastodon list of accounts to be blocked in CSV format. The file must be stored inside the import/ subdirectory of a user's directory inside the server base directory.

lists basedir uid
    Prints the name of the user created lists.

list_members basedir uid name
    Prints the list of actors in the named list.

list_create basedir uid name
    Creates a new list.

list_remove basedir uid name
    Removes an existing list.

list_add basedir uid name account
    Adds an account (by its @name@host handle or actor URL) to a list.

list_del basedir uid name actor_url
    Deletes an actor (by its actor URL) from a list.

top_ten basedir uid [N]
    Returns the ids of the top ten (or top N) most popular posts (considering the sum of likes and boosts).

  Migrating an account to/from Mastodon
See snac(8) for details.

  Using Mastodon-compatible apps
Since version 2.27, snac includes support for the Mastodon API, so you can use Mastodon-compatible mobile and desktop applications to access your account. Given a correctly configured server, the usage of these programs should be straightforward. Please take note that they will show your timeline in a 'Mastodon fashion' (i.e., as a plain list of posts), so you will lose the fancy, nested thread post display with the most active threads at the top that the web interface of snac provides.

  Implementing post bots
snac makes very easy to post messages in a non-interactive manner. This example posts a string:

    uptime | snac note $SNAC_BASEDIR $SNAC_USER -

You can setup a line like this from a crontab(5) or similar. Take note that you need a) command-line access to the same machine that hosts the snac instance, and b) write permissions to the storage directories and files.

You can also post non-interactively using the Mastodon API and a command-line http tool like curl(1) or similar. This has the advantage that you can do it remotely from any host, anywhere; the only thing you need is an API Token. This is an example:

    curl -X POST https://$SNAC_HOST/api/v1/statuses \
    --header "Authorization: Bearer ${TOKEN}" -d "status=$(uptime)"

You can obtain an API Token by connecting to the following URL:

    https://$SNAC_HOST/oauth/x-snac-get-token

  Webhook for notifications
Since version 2.78, users can set the URL to a webhook that will receive an HTTP POST with every notification (in JSON format). This can be used to implement some automation whenever a new activity happens, like autorepliers, chatbots, interactive textual games or whatever. The examples/ subdirectory contains a tiny Python program that implements an auto-follower for every new follow. The JSON notification object includes the following data:

id  a unique notification identifier

actor
    the origin actor id

target
    the target actor id

date
    the notification date

msg the full ActivityPub action JSON object

objid
    the object identifier (extracted from msg, may be null)

type
    the action type (extracted from msg)

utype
    the action subtype (extracted from msg, may be null)

uid the user identifier (account name)

basedir
    the server base directory

baseurl
    the server base URL

account
    the origin actor object

reply
    the activity this post is a reply to (may not exist)

ENVIRONMENT

SNAC_BASEDIR
    This optional environment variable can be set to the base directory of your installation; if set, you don't have to add the base directory as an argument to command-line operations. This may prove useful if you only have one snac instance in your system (which is probably your case).

DEBUG
    Overrides the debugging level from the server 'dbglevel' configuration variable. Set it to an integer value. The higher, the deeper in meaningless verbiage you'll find yourself into.

EDITOR
    The user-preferred interactive text editor to prepare notes.

LANG
    The language of the post when sending notes from the command line.

SEE ALSO
snac(5), snac(8)

AUTHORS
grunfink @grunfink@comam.es: https://comam.es/snac/grunfink

LICENSE
See the LICENSE file for details.

CAVEATS
Use the Fediverse sparingly. Don't fear the MUTE button.

BUGS
Probably many. Some issues may be even documented in the TODO.md file.